One of the most influential labor leaders in New Jersey’s
history was Vincent J. Murphy (1893-1976), who spent nine years as
the president of the New Jersey AFL-CIO after serving two terms as
Mayor of Newark. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor
of New Jersey in 1943, the last time a sitting labor leader was
nominated for statewide office.
Murphy became a plumber’s apprentice at age 15, joined the
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing,
Pipefitting, and Sprinkler Fitting Industry, served in the U.S.
Navy during World War II, and later served 18 years as the
Secretary-Treasurer of the Plumbers Union Local 24.
By the 1930s, Murphy had become the Secretary-Treasurer of the
New Jersey Federation of Labor (AFL).
In 1937, Murphy became a candidate for Newark City Commissioner
– Newark didn’t change to a City Council form of government with a
directly elected mayor until 1954 – in an especially nasty race
influenced by Jersey City Mayor Frank Hague, the Hudson County
political boss and one of the most influential Democrats in the
state.
Mayor Meyer Ellenstein was a frequent critic of Hague.
Murphy and Hague had an alliance.
Initially, the race attracted 70 candidates for five seats,
although the field eventually scaled back to 48.
Murphy received the most votes (49,392) in the field, followed
by Ellenstein (45,049), insurgent Joseph W. Byrne (38,855), and
then two incumbents allied with the mayor: Michael P. Duffy
(35,607) and Pearce R. Franklin (33,091). They beat
incumbents A.J. Minisi (29,931) and Reginald Parnell
(29,348). Dennis F. Kelly, who had the backing of State Sen.
Lester Clee (R-Newark), received 29,458 votes.
Ellenstein’s vote totals were significantly reduced from 1933,
when he received more than 75,000 votes.
The tradition in those days was for the top vote-getter to
become mayor, but Ellenstein kept the post with votes from Duffy
and Franklin.
The 1941 municipal elections created a political realignment in
Newark.
Ellenstein lost his seat on the City Commission by about 8,000
votes. Murphy won re-election, but he finished fifth.
The top vote-getter was Ellenstein ally John A. Brady, the
Acting Newark Police Superintendent. He was followed by
Murphy all John B. Keenan, the acting Fire Commissioner.
Former Municipal Court Judge Ralph J. Villani, running on the
Ellenstein slate, finished third, and Byrne finished fourth in his
bid for re-election. Brady and Murphy were separated by about
4,200 votes. Running on the Ellenstein ticket, Franklin lost
his bid for re-election.
Murphy became the new Newark after winning support from Keenan
and Byrne. The top vote-getter becomes mayor rule was now a
thing of the past.
With Democratic Gov. Charles Edison term-limited – before the
1947 New Jersey Constitutional Convention, governors served one
three-year term and could not run for re-election – Murphy began to
seek support for the Democratic nomination for governor in
1943.
Edison was a staunch Hague foe and opposed the idea of A. Harry
Moore, who had already won three terms as governor and one in the
U.S. Senate, returning to the job. Moore, now 66, wanted the
nomination.
Democratic county chairmen were not thrilled with the idea of
the AFL putting their man in the governorship, but most find it
difficult to reject a candidate who was both a leader of the
state’s most powerful union and also the mayor of New Jersey’s
largest city.
Once Murphy secured the backing of Hague, Middlesex County
Democratic leader David Wilentz, and Democratic State Chairman/New
Jersey Secretary of State Joseph A. Brophy, a former mayor of
Elizabeth, the race was over.
Edison and Hague shared the stage at the Murphy for Governor
campaign kickoff, along with National AFL President William Green
and National CIO President Philip Murray. Murphy ran
unopposed in the Democratic gubernatorial primary.
Anxious to win back the governor’s office after three years out
of power, Republicans cleared the field for Walter Edge, 69, who
had won election as governor 27 years earlier, followed by two
terms in the U.S. Senate and a stint as Herbert Hoover’s U.S.
Ambassador to France.
When Edge ran for governor the first time in 1916 – his campaign
manager was Nucky Johnson — he had the backing of Hague, then a
Jersey City Commissioner who was still one year away from becoming
mayor. But in 1943, Edge hammered Murphy for his ties to the
Jersey City political boss.
Edge beat Murphy by 127,764 votes, a 55%-44% margin.
Murphy carried just three counties, winning Hudson (+97,382),
Camden (+12,605) and Middlesex (+2,475). Edge won Essex by
45,589 votes.
After his statewide defeat, Murphy returned to Newark and to his
job as Louis P. Marciante’s number two man at the AFL.
Murphy sought re-election to the City Commission in 1945, facing
a rematch with his old rival, Ellenstein.
Murphy finished first in a field of 23 candidates for the five
seats, running nearly 8,000 votes ahead of Brady, who finished
second. Villani and Keenan were also re-elected.
Ellenstein won the fifth Commissioner spot, edging out former
Assistant U.S. Attorney Anthony Giuliano by almost 4,000 votes.
Another shift of city politics came in 1949 when Newark voters
ousted Murphy from his seat on the City Commission.
This time, Ellenstein was the top vote-getter. Murphy
finished sixth, nearly 17,000 votes behind his bitter rival.
Villani and Keenan were re-elected, but Brady lost.
The 1949 Newark elections also saw two other labor leaders win
seats on the City Commission.
Stephen J. Moran, the Executive Secretary of the New Jersey
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) – the rival union of the
AFL — and former Assemblyman Leo P. Carlin, the president of the
Brotherhood of Teamsters and Chauffeurs Local 478, were elected
Newark City Commissioners.
Villani succeeded Murphy as mayor, followed by Carlin four years
later.
That marked the end of Murphy’s career in public office.
He returned to the AFL on a full-time basis, taking a $10,000
annual salary; he had rejected his union official stipend while
serving as mayor.
In March 1961, the 62-year-old Marciante died of a heart
attack. He has served 27 years as New Jersey AFL
President.
Two weeks later, the New Jersey AFL unanimously voted to make
Murphy the new union president.
Murphy presided over the merger of the AFL and the CIO on
September 25, 1961.
The 1961 gubernatorial election put Murphy into a tough spot,
with both candidates actively courting labor support.
The Republican nominee was James P. Mitchell, who was hugely
popular with organized labor during his tenure as director of
industrial personnel for the U.S. Department of War during World
War II and during his seven years as Dwight Eisenhower’s U.S.
Secretary of Labor.
The Democratic candidate, former Superior Court Judge Richard J.
Hughes, argued that if Mitchell won, he would work to defeat
Democratic congressmen in 1962 and President John F. Kennedy in
1964.
Murphy decided to remain neutral and the AFL-CIO declined to
support either candidate. That was viewed as a win for
Mitchell. Hughes won the election, 50%-49%.
When Hughes ran for re-election in 1965, he had the backing of
Murphy despite a public disagreement over Rutgers University’s
refusal to fire pro-Marxist Professor Eugene Genovese.
Hughes’ tacit defense of Rutgers became an issue in his campaign
against Republican State Sen. Wayne Dumont (R-Phillipsburg).
Hughes and Murphy had a few run-ins during his second term,
mostly over the AFL-CIO’s opposition to the Port Authority’s
proposal to build a jetport in Somerset County. Still, Hughes
reappointed Murphy to a seat on the state Economic Development
Council – an early version of what is now the Economic Development
Authority (EDA).
During the 1969 gubernatorial election, Murphy criticized New
Jersey Democrats for a closed process that paved the way for former
Gov. Robert Meyner to run again. He chastised Democrats for
not considering a labor leader to run for the governor’s
office.
That led to a controversy within the AFL-CIO.
Murphy led the union to a neutral position in the race between
Meyner and the Republican nominee, Rep. William T. Cahill
(R-Collingswood).
Some labor leaders disputed the neutrality move, saying there
was never a vote. Murphy maintained that it was done by voice
vote and declined bids by other union leaders to meet and discuss
the situation.
That led to Murphy being physically removed from the labor
convention hall, followed by a resolution endorsing Meyner.
One of the leaders of the insurgency was Stephen Adubato, Sr.,
then an official with the New Jersey Federation of Teachers and
later one of the state’s most powerful insiders as the political
leader of Newark’s North Ward.
“Murphy may be a great man, but nobody is greater than labor,
and he went against us,” Adubato told the Associated Press at the
time.
In mid-1969, Murphy announced his plan to retire, saying it was
time to give ‘the younger lads” a chance to run the union.
He was succeeded in 1970 by Charles H. Marciante, the son of his
old friend who had been serving as Secretary-Treasurer.
At this point, Murphy, now 76, had emigrated to Spring Lake and
planned to spend time with his fourteen grandchildren.
He remained active in the union as a top advisor to Charlie
Marciante. Murphy was given the title of President
Emeritus. When Cahill needed the AFL-CIO to lean on some
legislators to vote for a $2 billion tax reform package in 1972, he
had lunch with Marciante and Murphy.
The post Labor Leader: Vincent J. Murphy was NJ AFL-CIO
president, two-term Mayor of Newark appeared first on New
Jersey Globe.